Car-truck.



W. S. ADAMS & A. F. H. HEAD.

GAR TRUCK.

APPLICATION IILBD SEPT. 10, 1910.

Patented May 12, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W. S. ADAMS & A. F. H. HEAD.

OAR TRUOK.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 10, 1910.

Patented May 12, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT orrmn.

WALTER 5. ADAMS AND ARTHUR I. H. HEAD, OF PHILADELPHIA, BENNSYLVJLNIA, ASBIGNORS TO THEJ. G. BRILL COMPANY, 01? PHILADELPHIA, PEQINBYLVMTIA, A

CORPORATION OF FENNSYLVANIA.

CAR-TBUBK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 1!], 1910. Serial No. 581,382.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WALTER S. ADAMS, a citizen of the United States and ARTHUR F. H. HEAD, a sub'ect of the Britain, both resi ents of the city of Philadel hia, county of Philadelphia, and State of ennsylva'nia, (whose post-ofiice addresses ing of Great are care of the J. G. Brill Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,) have invented a new and useful Improvement in Car-Trucks, of

whichthe following is a specification.

One of the objects of our invention is to' invention, reference is to be had to the ac.

companyin drawings, forming a part hereof in whic Figure 1 is a side elevation, artially in section, of a portion of a truc provided assed. This and lished by our inwith our improvement. Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatical View which shows the prina portion of the structure shown in Fig.

cifple of the invention. Fig. 3 is a plan view 0 1 the lar-ged sectional view of a top of a spring post Fi 5 is a sectional view taken at right angles to the section shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 3, is a sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 3. Fig. 4 is an en'- Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on the line 66 of Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrows. v

Throughout the various views of the drawings, similar reference characters designate similar parts.

Our improved truck 1 comprises-a frame '2, wheels '3, axles 4., axle boxes 5, motor casing 6, brake mechanism 7. and the connecting parts.

The frame 2 may be of any suitable construction and preferably consists of side b'ars 8 (one on ,each side) united by the crossings 9 and braces 10 and suitable reinforce 11:

which may extend to another crossing same as 9 and 10 the structure for one axle the . underside of the yoke-brace 16. he up and set of wheels only being shown, it being understood that the parts are duplicated for each setof wheels.

The s de frames 8 are upwardly bent at 12 and then extend horizontally at 13 and are finally bent down at 14 to form yokes, and then bent outwardl to form a continuat on of the frame 8. X yoke-brace 16 Sup plements the parts 12, 13 and 14 and 15 as shown, and is fixed to the side frame 8 below the yoke by bolts or other suitable means.

The yoke brace 16 contains two parallel perforations 16 through which extend box spring-posts 17. Each box spring-post 17 has a suitable T head 18 which engages suitable pins 19 that have their ends resting in a suitable saddle 20 that rests a ainst the er ends of the p sts 17 are preferably formed w1th spherical heads 21 that are seated in and fit caps 22 forming a universal joint.

The caps 22 rest on co led springs 23, the

lower ends of which rest .on ears 2.4 that extend laterally from the axle boxes 5, The pins 19 and saddles 20 are set according to a rule which will be given below. The .ca s 22 are slotted at 25 to permit removal wit out brea-kin the posts 17.

The wh S 3 re fixe on th axles 4 i e n n o el manner a d th xles my be ournaled in the axle boxes 5 in the usual way, so that a detailed description is unnece ary.

The motor casingfi is sleeved on the axle 4, as usual, but isconnected with the truck at a p o1n t of sup ort, so as to cooperate therew th and form anelement therein. This casing .6 is of the conventional form so that 1t is unnecessary to describe t further than to say that it is connected to the truck and supports the brake rig ing in a manner which will be describe elow. The motor casing 6 is fixed two motor and brake support ng a gles 26 which have h i rticai webs running in opposite directions and their horizontal webs separated by the thickness of the kin -b,olt holder 27. The bars 26 are secure by bolts, screws, or the suita eans, a the kingwbolt holder 27 is secured to the bars 26 by suitable pins 27 that engage the walls of suitable perforations. The king-bolt holder 27 is interposed between the angles 26, and also has a portion extending between the ends of the king-bolt-pivot yoke 28 which is fixed to the crossings 9 and '10 and held between the crossing l0 and bar 11 by bolts or other suitable means. The king-bolt 29 passes through this yoke and through the king bolt holder so that the axle 4 swings on the king bolt 29 as a center. The pins 19 are so set that their axes, when projected, run under or substantially under the king bolt 29, so that when the axle 4 radiates, one side of the T head '18 disengages a pin 19 and rests on the other pin and at the same time one side of each spring 23 is correspondingly depressed. This construction tends to and does restore the axle 4 to its normal position when the curve is passed, and prevents undue swinging of the box spring posts 17.

The angles 26 also support the brake rigging 7 through a central bracket 39 and supports 31, all of which are suitable brackets, the bracket 30 being secured under the lower angle 26 by bolts or screws, or other suitable means and the brackets 31 to the vertical webs of the angles 26. These brackets 30 and 31 carry a suitable brake shaft 32 to which is fixed an actuating lever 33 a little to one sideof its center, and at its ends are fixed the downwardly depending cranks 34 which are connected to suitable brake rods 35, which engage suitable screws 36, which screws also engage other brake rods 37 and these rods 37 engage the brake shoe holder 38 in the conventional manner. The screw 36 is preferably a right and left screw, so as to permit adjustment of the rod as to length to compensatefor wear. The brake shoe holder 38 is suspended by a suitable hanger 39 which is suitably supported in a bracket 40 on the upper surface of the upper bar 26 so that the brake shoe 41 can be thrown against the wheel 3 in the conventional manner. The upper end of the lever 33 is connected to the usual rods and other mechanism for controlling the brake.

The embodiment of our invention in the foregoin description is applicable either to a pivote d or a fixed truck, 2'. e., a truck pivoted to a car body or fixed to a car body. It is more particularly adapted to the nonpivotal truck where the wheel base is much longer and then the car body is preferably carried by a top cord 42 carried on suitable coiled springs 43 and guided by bolts 4.4: which also pass through coiled springs 45 below the side frame 8. i

It will be noted that neither a sub-truck frame nor any equivalent therefor is provided. That the axle boxes are connected directly to the truck frame 2 through the springs 23, caps 22, posts 17, head 18, pins 19, seats 20. That the radiation of the axles 4 is regulated by the motor casing 6 which swings from the king-bolt 29 as a center.

In the embodin'lent hereinbefore set forth it will be noted that the spring posts 17 can swing freely, to a limited extent, in any direction because of the universal joint with the caps 22, except that there will be some friction which will tend to limit this swing. \Vhen, however, the lower end of the posts 17 are considered a different action is apparent. The seats .20 remain firm in the yoke 16 and the pins 19 are fixed in these seats 20, but'the head 18 is free to shift as to either of these pins. When the axle is radiated by going around a curve, it swings around the king bolt 29 as a pivot, with the result that the posts 17 cease to be vertical. The moment these posts cease to be vertical, one or the other of each pair of pins 19 becomes free and the other pin of the pair carries the load, normally carried by both. This is true even though the movement of the posts 17 from the vertical is not suflicient to be apparent.

As soon as the single pins 19 carry the load as above described, a tendency toreturn to the vertical is produced which is substantially proportional to the weight carried by each pin 19 multiplied by the tangent of the angle formed by the vertical axis of the pin when in its normal position, and an imaginary line drawn from the center of oscillation through the axis of the pin carrying the load. To make this more clear, reference is to be had to Fig. 2 where the principles involved are shown.

Here'a represents the center of motion, while 0 and 01 represent the two pins at the lower end of a post ab representing the axis of the post. When the post is in its central position with the pins at c and d, half the load is carried by each pin. Join a and cl cutting a?) at e and draw the tangent mbn. Now if all represents the load carried by each pin the tangents m7) and 11-?) will represent the horizontal forces due to the load acting to swing the points a and d to the point b. cc and (Z6 and therefore mb and ab are equal, therefore, these forces will be equal and opposite and equilibrium is maintained. The lines am and an represent the forces pulling at pivot a. Now suppose an infinitesimal movement of the lower end of the post takes place to the right which is just sufficient to transfer the whole load to the pin d. ae will no longer represent the load carried by (Z. Produce ab to Z) making a?) e ual to bb and strike an arc of a circle witi ab as a radius. Draw a tangent to this are at b and produce ad and am until they intersect this tangent at n and m. Now the tangent bn will represent the horizontal force tending to restore equilibrium, ab the vertical load carried by the pin d and the total oscillation, thus swinging with a load upon the pin d is represented by the line on which 1S also equal to the resultant force on the point a. Now assume that the movement of the pin d is continued to the point on which may be considered the limit of the swing. Now draw the line can and produce the same until it intersects the lower tangent at b'n produced at y. Then the tangent bg represents the horizontal force which tends to return the pin d to its normal position, and ag will represent the total load on the pin when in the position and the resultant force at point 0, ob still representing the vertical load carried by the in d. i p As bg is reater than bn it is obvious that an angu ar movement of the post procluces an increase in the horizontal force tending to return it to its normal position. It will be seen that this horizontal force is proportional to the tangent of the angle formed by the axis of the post when vertical and a line drawn through the point a. the center of oscillation, and the pin carrying the load, and equals the weight carried by the post multiplied by the tangent of this angle.-

Instead of assuming that the points of support are c and d let it be assumed that these points approach each other until they merge at b and then the entire load carried at b will be represented by the line ab. This will be like a pendulum and will oifer no resistance to swing in either direction when in its normal position. Assuming that it swings to position ab making the angle bab equal to the angle nm Produce ab to b when it intersects the tangent my at 6 Now the horizontal resistance to further movement will be represented by bb and it will be seen that this resistance is much less than that resulting from the same angular movement of the form of construction with double pins, which is represented by by. Now assume that further movement takes place to the point a. The horizontal resistance will be equivalent to that in the previous construction, when only an infinitesimal angular movement took place, and it is therefore, obvious that the angle of oscillation necessary to produce the resistance of the former structure when stationary is equivalent to the angle formed by the axis of the post when vertical (ab) and a line drawn through the pin d and the pivot a, Furthermore, in this latter structure the resistance will rise to a maximum at the end of the swing and gradually re duce to zero and rise equally gradually in the opposite direction during one complete erfect rhythm which would continue inde nitely in the absence of friction, whereas, in the previous structure, the resistance at the end of its travel may be represented by b'y and then fall to b'n' just as it reaches thenormal position, rising immediately to bm in the opposite direction as soon as the pin 0 carries all the load and continues to rise until the movement reverses in direction, so that there is an abrupt and large reversal of the forces tending to oppose the swing immediately upon leaving the normalposition in either direction so that a rhythmic swing with a gradually increasing opposing force beginning at zero is an impossibility, and no horizontal force can produce or tend to produce oscillation unless it is equal to or greater than the force represented by the line b'n or bm,

It is obvious that the distance between the pins 0 and d in Fig. 2 may be unduly increased so that oscillation both on straight and curved track would. be prevented and no radiation of the axles could occur, but it is possible to so proportion this distance that movement of the posts may be zero on straight track but to a considerable angle on curves. In practice this distance should be about two inches, but may be varied to suit different requirements of wheel base, curve radius, etc.

While we have shown and described one embodiment of our invention, it is obvious that it is not restricted thereto, but is broad enough to cover all structures that come within the scope of the annexed claims:

What we claim is:

1. In a truck of the class described, the combination of a truck frame, wheels, an axle, and axle boxes on the axle, the axle being eccentrically pivoted to the truck frame, and a support for the truck frame on the axle boxes comprising paired links pivotally suspended from the axle boxes and having a plurality of contact surfaces at their lower terminals, and engaging points on the frame for said surfaces.

2. In a car truck of the class described, the combination with a truck frame, an axle, of the axle boxes, paired links 17 pivotally supported by the axle boxes and having the lateral enlargements 18 at the ends, diagonally disposed pins 19 secured to the truck frame, and recesses formed in said lateral enlargement engaging the pins, whereby the said enlargement may alternately engage either one or the other of said pins.

3. In a truck of the class described, the combination with a truck frame, an axle and wheels, means for eccentrically pivoting the axle to the truck frame within its lateral limits, axle boxes carried by the axle, and means connecting the axle and the truck frame comprising paired links pivotally supported by the axle boxes, each link being connected to the truck frame by pairs of pins movably connected to said links, the axes of the pins being parallel to the radius of the curve. through which said axle swings;

4. A truck of the class described, side frames and crossings uniting the same, a motor casing and means for pivotally connecting said motor framean'd crossings, an axle on which said motor casing is mounted, axle boxes on said axle, springs supported by said axle boxes, posts supported by said springs, pins engaged by the lower ends of said posts, and means for connecting said pins and frames,so that when the said axle radiates, the said springs will be unevenly compressed.

5. In a truck of the class described, side frames united by crossings, a king bolt yoke fixed to said crossings, a king bolt holder and a king bolt engaging said yoke, angle bars fixed to said bolt holder, a-motor casing fixed to said angle bars, an axle carrying onepart of said casing, springs, .posts and pins connecting said axle boxes and said side frames, whereby the axle may radiate or swing about said king bolt, as a center and unevenly compress said springs.

6. In a truck of the class described, side frames united by crossings, a king bolt and means for connecting the same with said crossings, a motor casing and means for connecting the same with said king bolt, whereby the said casing can swing about said king bolt as a center, an axle on which said casing is sleeved, axle boxes carried by said axle,

ears, extending laterally therefrom, coilsprings carried by'said ears, caps on said springs, posts carried by said caps and connected t erewith by a universal joint, T heads at the lower ends .of said posts, pins engaging said T heads, and means connectlng said pins and side frames, whereby the said side frames are supported from said posts, so that when the truck passes around a curve, the axle and motor casing swing about the king'bolt as a center, the coiled springs are unevenly flexed and restore the axle boxes, axle and motor to their normal positions when the curve is passed.

7. In a truck of the class described, side frames and crossings uniting the same, a king bolt and means for supporting the same from said crossing, a king bolt holder and angle bars secured to the same, a motor cas ingfixed to said angle bars and an axle on which said motor casing is sleeved axle boxes, springs resting on the same, caps on said springs, posts supported by said cas and means connecting said posts and side rames, brackets on said angle bars and fixed thereto, a brake shaft journaled in said brackets other brackets carried by said angle bars, links suspended from the same, brake shoes and brake shoe holders supported by said links and connections between said brake shoe holders and said shaft whereby the movements of said shaft may throw on or release the brakes.

8. In. a truck of the class described wheels, axles, axle boxes carried by said axles, ears extending laterally from said axle boxes, springs on said ear s, caps, on said springs, rods hanging from said caps and passing through said ears and a truck frame supported by said rods.

9. In a truck of the class described, Wheels, axles and axle boxes on saidjaxles; ears extending laterally from said axle boxes, coiled springs resting on said ears, caps on said springs provided with spherical seats, spring posts extending from said spherical seats and fittin the same and passin through said sprlngs and ears and a true frame carried by said posts.

10. In a truck of the class described, wheels, and axles, axle boxes carried by said axles, motor casings sleeved on said axles, laterally extending ea-rssecured to said axle boxes, coiled springson said ears, caps on said springs, spring posts carried by said 7 frames, means uniting the same, aking-bolt yoke fixed to said means, a king-bolt holder and a king-bolt engaging said yoke, bars fixed to said bolt holder, a. motor casing fixed to said bars, an axle, means inte osed'between the axle boxes and side rames to allow the axle to swing about'the king-bolt as the center.

13. In a truck of the class described, side frames means uniting the same, a king-bolt yoke fixed to said means, a king-bolt holder and a king-bolt engaging said yoke, bars fixed to said bolt holder, a motor casing fixed to said bars, an axle, means interposed between the axle boxes and side frames toallow the axle to swing about the king bolt as the center and springs interposed between the axle boxes and frame and unevenly compressed by the swinging of the axle of the king bolt. 7

v 14. In a truck of the class described, side frames, a kin bolt supported therefrom, a king bolt holder and a support therefor, a mot-0r casing, and axle on which said casing, is sleeved, springs supported by the bearings of said axle, means supported by said spring and connections so constructed that when the axle radiates the springs will be unevenly compressed.

15. 11 a device of the class described, a truck trame, wheels, axle boxes, posts connccting said axle boxes and frame, and pivots on said posts at a lateral distance from the axes of the posts, so that when either axle radiates in the frame, the load carried by a post is transferred to one of the other of its said pivots when the force producing motion is greater than the tangent of the angle formed by a line joining the center of motion with the pivot and the axis of the post, when in its normal position, multiplied by the load normally carried by the post.

16. In a truck of the class described, an axle, box and wheels, a box-frame or saddle having projections extending outwardly on both sides of the axles, supports ext/ending upwardly from said projections, means for supporting a car body disposed outside of and adjacent to said projections, and means movably connecting said car supporting means and said supports whereby the radiation of said axle may be limited and opposed by the superimposed car weight.

17. In a truck of the class described, axle, a box-frame or saddle having projections extending outwardly on both sides, bearingsupports extending upwardly from said projections a bearing in the upper portion of said supports, car-supporting means located outside of and adjacent to said supports and means movably combined with said bearing-supports and car-supporting means, whereby the radiation of said axle may be limited and opposed by the superimposed car weight.

Signed at the city of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania this 8th day of September, 1910.

WALTER S. ADAMS. ARTHUR F. H. HEAD.

\Vitnesses ALFRED N. HARGROVE, HARRY F. MCKILLIP. 

